中国兴起“另类”养宠热潮 背后风险需被“看见”******
中新社长沙10月15日电 (记者 唐小晴)“我的宠物鸡不仅可爱，生蛋也很厉害。每天从鸡窝捡蛋，也是一种乐趣。”27岁的周婷(化名)忙着给自己的爱宠芦丁鸡喂食。
芦丁鸡是近年来由斑翅山鹑与蓝胸鹑杂交形成的新品种，成年人拳头大小，重约50克，被称为“世界上最小的鸡”。它们因可爱外表和下蛋习惯成为中国宠物主们的最新陪伴。
半个月前，在长沙工作的周婷网上购买了12只芦丁鸡，希望靠这些小鸡实现“吃蛋自由”。“饲养在玻璃和木质箱里，配备灯光、楼梯和植物，就像‘娃娃屋’。芦丁鸡比较好养，控制好‘鸡窝’温度就行。”周婷说，一些宠物主会在社交媒体上分享鸡的日常生活、养鸡心得和“捡蛋”视频。
随着中国宠物产业蓬勃发展，芦丁鸡只是越来越流行的众多奇异宠物中的一种。近些年来，变色龙、蜜袋鼯、壁虎、刺猬和羊驼等非传统宠物纷纷现身市场，“异宠经济”成为新时尚。不少人通过短视频、朋友圈等社交媒体“晒”它们，赚取大波流量。
艾瑞咨询发布的《2021年中国宠物内容价值研究白皮书》显示，满足用户猎奇心态的异宠内容受关注度逐渐上升，在萌宠内容热度中占比在5%至15%之间。以“异宠”为主题的博主，也在各大社交平台渐流行。
彭群凌在长沙开了一家宠物寄养训练酒店，狐狸、鸭子和猪都来“住”过。“兔子、鹦鹉、仓鼠和蛇都是年轻人的爱宠。一些人为了让饲养的狐狸听话、定点大小便，专门送来训练。”彭群凌表示，短视频传播让一些不常见宠物更多进入大众视野。
中南大学社会学系教授杨成胜认为，部分年轻人为追求新奇、彰显个性，并吸引更多人关注，于是标新立异，放弃猫狗等传统宠物，转而去养新奇宠物。
“好看、安静省心是异宠受欢迎的另一个原因。比如，蜜袋鼯萌萌的外表及亲人的性格就让人喜爱。”谢新(化名)开了一家专售蜜袋鼯的商店，最贵的蜜袋鼯达12000元人民币一只。
不过，火爆的异宠市场背后也存在一些问题和挑战。比如，出于猎奇、跟风饲养的宠物主，不充分了解异宠习性，遇到异宠“不亲人”“味大”“难养”等问题就会弃养。兽医不专业、邮寄不正规、销售方缺乏资质等问题亦突出。
记者还了解到，异宠未经过人类长期驯化，一些仍具攻击性，对人的生命安全存在潜在威胁；某些异宠携带寄生虫、细菌和病毒，或给饲养者带来健康风险。
“随意饲养和买卖一些异宠，可能会触犯法律。还有国外的特有物种，未经批准偷运入境，饲养和买卖都涉嫌违法，可能还会导致外来物种侵袭。”资深律师郭瑄说，目前无针对异宠的专门法律法规，公众饲养异宠，仍处在一个“无法可依”的空白地带。
他建议，相关部门及时制定、完善相关法律法规，从另类宠物的种类、管理、健康、生态等方面限制和约束异宠饲养行为，出台一个方便执法的“黑白名单”，确保产业良性发展。
一些专业人士还表示，相关部门和售卖平台应做好充足知识普及和风险提示，给猎奇的消费者泼冷水，提醒理性买单。“相比传统宠物，一些养异宠的人群对待异宠也会科学、谨慎。”彭群凌认为，若不在网络平台上夸大和过分渲染异宠，在不触碰法律、法规和不影响他人情况下，“另类”养宠小范围内自我发展没什么问题。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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